Author (s) :

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1). Vanshika Bajpai, Darshan Institute of Management, Darshan University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
2). Dr. Alpesh Gajera, Darshan University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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General Election, Stock Market, Indian Politics, SENSEX, Financial Economics

Abstract :

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This study examines, how general elections affect the Indian stock market, with a particular emphasis on the BSE SENSEX in the election years 2014, 2019, and 2024. The purpose of the study is to ascertain whether there are notable differences in market performance before to, during, and following national elections. The study uses correlation and one-way ANOVA analysis to evaluate relationships and variations in stock prices and returns over election periods using secondary data from the Bombay Stock Exchange. The correlation study shows varying degrees of relationship between the election years, with weaker or inverse relationships in 2024 and stronger relationships in earlier times. This pattern points to a gradual change in investment behaviour that reflects increased market independence from political cycles. In the same way, the ANOVA results show that changes in stock prices and returns during the election phases were not statistically significant, indicating that overall market performance held steady in spite of shifts in the political landscape

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Author (s) :

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1). Shradha Pradipsinh Jadeja, Department of Management, Atmiya University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
2). Mr. Pratik Pravin, Atmiya University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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Gen-Z, Makeup Industry, Consumer Behaviour, Self-expression, Beauty standards, psychological impact, Influencer marketing, social comparison, Insecurity.

Abstract :

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This study, "Gen Z and Makeup: Exploring the Psychological Effects on Self-Image," investigates how makeup impacts the inner lives of Gen Z—beyond trends, branding, or influencer culture. Unlike prior studies that focused mainly on external influences like social media, this research explores the deeper psychological dimensions: self-confidence, anxiety, self-expression, and perceived professionalism. Based on data from 85 Gen Z individuals in Rajkot City, the findings reveal that makeup is more than a cosmetic tool—it’s a significant medium for personal empowerment. A vast majority reported that makeup boosts their confidence (87%), helps them feel socially accepted (85.5%), and serves as a form of self-expression (88.3%). However, not all effects are positive. About 73% of respondents admitted feeling anxious or insecure without makeup, and 75.3% experienced FOMO-driven impulse buying due to beauty trends. Influencer impact was notable, with 55.3% acknowledging that their makeup purchases were influenced by online beauty personalities. Gender-wise, the study observed that females—who comprised 90.6% of respondents—were especially affected, suggesting that emotional connections to makeup vary significantly across genders. Ultimately, the findings call for a more authentic and inclusive approach by beauty brands and influencers—one that embraces natural beauty, diversity, and transparency to foster genuine self-acceptance among Gen Z.

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Author (s) :

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1). Mr. Dhaval Radadiya, Darshan Institute of Management, Darshan University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
2). Mr. Dharmik Vegad, Darshan Institute of Management, Darshan University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
3). Jay D. Chaniyara, Darshan Institute of Management, Darshan University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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Artificial Insights (AI), Blockchain Innovation, Advanced Monetary forms, Money related Innovation (FinTech)

Abstract :

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The money related innovation (FinTech) scene is experiencing a worldview move driven by the synergistic merging of Fake Insights (AI), Blockchain Innovation, and Advanced Monetary forms. This audit looks at how these three developments connected to change money related services enhancing security, effectiveness, straightforwardness, and openness. We investigate current applications, rising patterns like decentralized back (DeFi), central bank computerized monetary standards (CBDCs), programmable cash, tokenization, AI-enhanced choice frameworks, and the determined challenges related to control, versatility, cybersecurity, and moral administration. The paper concludes by sketching out future inquire about headings and the transformative potential of this mechanical confluence.

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Author (s) :

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1). Dr. Dipamkumar Raval, Darshan Institute of Management, Darshan University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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Reskilling, Upskilling, Long lasting Learning, National Instruction Approach (NEP)

Abstract :

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In a period characterized by fast mechanical alter, globalization, and workforce disturbance, the require for ceaseless learning has ended up basic for organizations. India's National Instruction Arrangement (NEP) 2020 emphasizes a all encompassing, adaptable, and multidisciplinary approach to instruction that adjusts deep rooted learning with national advancement. This conceptual inquire about paper investigates how reskilling, upskilling, and deep-rooted learning work as key human asset (HR) activities inside the NEP system. It talks about hypothetical establishments, HR parts, execution challenges, and future bearings for analysts and practitioners.

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Author (s) :

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1). Mr. Jaydeep Dabhi, Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
2). Dr. Jayeshkumar R. Vasava, Dr. Subhash Mahila Arts, Commerce & Home Science College, , Junagadh, Gujarat, India

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Monetary Trouble, Springate S-Score, Tata Steel Limited, Steel Authority of India Limited

Abstract :

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The show consider analyzes and compares the budgetary trouble position of two major Indian steel companies Tata Steel Limited and Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) using the Springate S-Score show. The think about is based on auxiliary information extricated from distributed money related explanations for two budgetary a long time, FY 2023–24 and FY 2024–25. The Springate demonstrate coordinating benefit, liquidity, proficiency, and short-term dissolvability proportions into a composite score to recognize liquidation hazard. The discoveries uncover that Tata Steel remained in the money related trouble zone amid the consider period, though Cruise illustrated a fiscally sound position. The think about highlights the pertinence of working capital administration and operational productivity in deciding money related soundness in capital-intensive businesses such as steel.

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Author (s) :

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1). Prashant Kachhela, Darshan Institute of Management, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
2). Dr. Dhaval Vyas, Darshan Institute of Management, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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Social Media Influencers, Generation Z, Consumer Behaviour, Purchase Intention, Digital Persuasion, India

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The swift growth of social media has revolutionized conventional marketing communication, establishing influencers as significant digital opinion leaders, especially among Generation Z consumers. This review paper analyzes the mechanisms by which social media influencers affect the consumption behaviors of Generation Z in India. The study employs a systematic literature review methodology, integrating findings from 26 research papers published between 2021 and 2025. The review identifies key persuasive determinants, including influencer credibility, authenticity, trustworthiness, and content quality, as well as platform dynamics and engagement formats. Psychological factors like emotional attachment, parasocial interaction, and perceived value help to turn influencer communication into real-world behavior. The results show that digital persuasion among Indian Gen Z works through a process with many parts, including cultural relatability, the type of influencer, and stories about sustainability. Micro-influencers are especially effective because people see them as more real and trustworthy. The review additionally suggests a cohesive conceptual framework that elucidates the interplay among influencer characteristics, mediating mechanisms, and consumer behavioral responses. Even though there is more and more research, there are still gaps in our knowledge about long-term effects, rural representation, and experimental validation. The study enhances influencer marketing literature by providing a cohesive thematic synthesis and a theoretical model elucidating digital persuasion within the Indian Gen Z marketplace.

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Author (s) :

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1). Dhruv Pipaliya, Darshan Institute of Management, Rajkot, Guajrat, India
2). Dr. Vatsal B. Raval, Darshan Institute of Management, Darshan University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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CNC Manufacturing, Liquidity Ratios, Solvency Ratios, Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Debt-to-Equity Ratio, Interest Coverage Ratio, Debt Ratio

Abstract :

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The CNC (Computer Numerical Control) manufacturing sector is a critical pillar of India's precision engineering industry, supplying high-tolerance components to automotive, aerospace, defence, and capital goods sectors. As competition intensifies and capital requirements grow, the financial health of CNC manufacturers — particularly their liquidity and solvency positions — has assumed growing significance for investors, lenders, and regulatory stakeholders. The present study aims to comparatively analyze the liquidity and solvency performance of ten selected listed Indian CNC manufacturing companies over the period 2021 to 2025 using five key financial ratios: Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Debt-to-Equity Ratio, Interest Coverage Ratio, and Debt Ratio. Financial data were drawn from published annual reports, BSE and NSE platforms. To formally evaluate whether the observed cross-firm variation in each ratio attained statistical significance, One-Way ANOVA was administered at a 5% significance level. Each of the five null hypotheses was rejected, validating the presence of statistically significant inter-company variation across every ratio examined. Key findings include a broad improvement in liquidity across the sample — particularly for Jyoti CNC Automation Ltd., Azad Engineering Ltd., and Elecon Engineering Ltd. — alongside a decisive deleveraging trend observed in most companies by 2025. LMW Ltd. and Kennametal India Ltd. maintained debt-free balance sheets throughout, while companies like Craftsman Automation Ltd. sustained relatively higher leverage. The study provides a robust benchmark for evaluating the financial risk profiles of listed Indian CNC manufacturers and adds to the sparse base of empirical literature focused specifically on solvency and liquidity in this sector.

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Author (s) :

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1). Mahmadanas Galeriya, Darshan Institute of Management, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
2). Dr. Vatsal B. Raval, Darshan Institute of Management, Darshan University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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Financial Performance, CNC Manufacturing, Ratio Analysis, Profitability, Indian Manufacturing Sector.

Abstract :

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The CNC (Computer Numerical Control) manufacturing sector is a cornerstone of India's industrial ecosystem, supplying precision-engineered components to automotive, aerospace, and heavy engineering industries. Evaluating the financial health and relative performance of companies operating within this sector is critical for investors, managers, and policymakers. The present study aims to compare and analyze the financial performance of ten selected Indian CNC manufacturing companies over a five-year period spanning 2021 to 2025. Six key profitability indicators — Gross Profit Margin, Operating Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, Return on Net Worth (Equity), Return on Capital Employed (ROCE), and Return on Assets (ROA) — were derived from secondary sources comprising company annual reports and financial databases. One-Way ANOVA was applied as the inferential statistical tool to evaluate whether each computed ratio varied meaningfully across the sampled firms. The results demonstrate that each of the six null hypotheses was rejected at a 5% significance level, validating the presence of substantial inter-firm variation in profitability outcomes. Emkay Tools Ltd. and Azad Engineering Ltd. emerged as the top performers in revenue-based margins, while INOX India Ltd. and Elecon Ltd. demonstrated superior capital and equity utilization. Jyoti CNC Automation Ltd. exhibited a remarkable recovery trajectory, graduating from a net loss position in 2021 to consistent profitability by 2025. The study provides actionable benchmarks for financial decision-making within the Indian CNC manufacturing industry and contributes to the limited body of sector-specific financial performance literature.

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Author (s) :

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1). Faizan Sherasiya, Darshan Institute of Management, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
2). Dr. Vatsal B. Raval, Darshan Institute of Management, Darshan University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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CNC Manufacturing, Earnings Per Share, Dividend Per Share, P/E Ratio, P/B Ratio, EV/EBITDA, Market Valuation, Investor Return.

Abstract :

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The CNC (Computer Numerical Control) manufacturing sector is one of the fastest-growing segments of India's precision engineering industry, serving critical end-markets including aerospace, defence, automotive, and capital goods. As the sector matures and more companies list on Indian stock exchanges, investors increasingly require a rigorous, data-driven framework to evaluate market valuation and shareholder returns across peer firms. The present study aims to comparatively analyze and test the statistical significance of differences in five key market-based and investor-return metrics — Basic Earnings Per Share (EPS), Dividend Per Share (DPS), Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio, Priceto-Book (P/B) Ratio, and Enterprise Value-to-EBITDA (EV/EBITDA) Ratio — across ten selected listed Indian CNC manufacturing companies over the period 2021 to 2025. Secondary data sourced from company annual reports, BSE/NSE filings, and financial databases were used. One-Way ANOVA was employed to test whether the observed inter-firm differences in each metric are statistically significant. The results confirm that all five null hypotheses are rejected, establishing statistically significant differences in every metric across the selected companies. LMW Ltd. emerged as the dominant EPS performer, while INOX India Ltd. and LMW Ltd. led in dividend payouts. P/E and P/B ratios revealed a marked bifurcation between high-growth, high-valuation companies and value oriented peers. EV/EBITDA trends highlighted improving market recognition for several mid-cap CNC firms. The study provides actionable insights for equity investors, portfolio managers, and corporate finance practitioners operating in India's precision manufacturing space.

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