Author (s) :

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1). Mr. Ramesh Kumar, PGDAV College Eve, New Delhi, Delhi, India

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Stock Trading Applications, Investor Behavior, National Capital Region, Financial Literacy, Mobile Commerce, Online Investing, Technology Adoption, Market Access.

Abstract :

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This study delves into the transformative impact of stock trading applications on investor behavior within the National Capital Region Delhi. As the financial landscape evolves, these applications democratize stock market investment, making it accessible to a broader audience. Traditionally, investing required substantial expertise and direct interactions with stockbrokers. However, technology-driven applications have significantly altered these dynamic, enabling investors to engage with the market through their mobile devices. This research aims to explore various factors influencing the adoption of these applications, including awareness, benefits, reliability, safety, financial literacy, technical aspects, and dependency. Through a quantitative methodology involving a survey of 424 participants, the study assesses the correlation between these factors and user adoption behavior, providing insights into the future of investing in the digital era.

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Author (s) :

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1). Dr. CA. Parvati T. Soneji, Chetana College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Money Mules, Online Frauds, Fintech, Money Laundering, Fraudulent Activities

Abstract :

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Passarello (2024) states acting as intermediaries for criminals, Money Mules facilitate illegal transactions, launder money, and contribute to the intricate web of cybercrime. The technologically oriented digital age has shepherded an innovative epoch of fintech – an era where technology offers expediency and ease in incurring financial transactions. Nevertheless, the benefits also come along with the budding menace of “Money Mule Activities.” Money Mules knowingly or unknowingly have become crucial catalysts or say money launderers for felony activities, easing the smooth conduct of varieties of online frauds. Raza el. at. (2020) says money laundering is a complicated activity, where the nature and source of dirty money are camouflaged for the money to look lawfully negotiable, transferrable, and useable. This paper probes into the parallel financial world of Money Mules reconnoitering their protagonist in fraudulent activities, consequences, and the enduring exertions to unravel this issue.

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Author (s) :

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1). Mr. Ashish P. Chirodiya, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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Liquidity, TATA Steel Ltd., SAIL, JSW Steel Ltd, Jindal Steel Ltd

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This study aimed to analyze and compare the liquidity position of major steel manufacturing companies of India. For that 4 Major steel manufacturing companies namely, TATA, Steel, Steel,Authority of India (SAIL), JSW,Ltd and Jindal Steel Ltd were selected with the help of Non-Probability Sample technique (Judgmental Sampling). Period of Investigation was 5 years, Starting from 2019-20 to 2023-24. For analysis purpose various liquidity ratios were taken and analyzed with the statistical tool of ANOVA test. It was revealed that in most of aspects of Liquidity, Jindal Steel was better performer than other samples.

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Author (s) :

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1). Mr.Yash Piyushbhai Trivedi, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
2). Dr. Baxiskumar I. Patel, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

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Agricultural entrepreneurship, Agri-Business, Agri-startup, Agri-preneurship, Agricultural sector, Upliftment of the Indian Economy.

Abstract :

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India has a very large agriculture sector. While the sector's GDP share has been almost halved over the previous 30 years to about 15%, it still employs roughly half of India's workers and accounts for much of the volatility in Indian GDP. India, one of the world's largest agricultural economies, remained closed until the early 1990s. This industry employs over 52% of India's total population and accounts for approximately 18.1% of GDP. India is the world's third largest producer of agricultural commodities such as paddy, wheat, pulses, groundnuts, rapeseeds, fruits and vegetables, sugarcane, tea, jute, cotton, tobacco leaves, and so on (GOI, 2008-09). Rural areas are home to 67% of the population, who work in agriculture or related fields. Economic growth focused on agriculture will aid India's attempts to enhance its rural areas. In layman's terms, agri-entrepreneurship is agriculture that is sustainable, community-focused, and directly marketed. Sustainable agriculture is a systemic approach to farming that highlights the interconnection of social, economic, and environmental systems. Agriculture is the foundation of the Indian economy. According to Khan M.A. (2021), 67% of people reside in rural areas and make their living through agriculture and related sectors. Agriculture-based economic growth will benefit India's rural development efforts (Anderson 1982).Agripreneurship, as defined by Fitz-Koch et al. (2018), is an entrepreneurial approach used in agricultural or related industries. Agriculture is commonly characterised as a low-tech, low-dynamism industry, with a high number of small family businesses that value doing things well above trying anything new. Agricultural businesses are increasingly being challenged to adjust to market changes, changing client lifestyles, new environmental requirements, and new product quality, supply chain management, food security, sustainability, and other factors. Despite COVID-19, India's agriculture industry still generates over 20% of GDP and employs more than half of the population. Agribusiness prospects are generally focused on the input, agricultural, value chain, output processing, and marketing phases, as well as related services. The agricultural process requires a wide range of inputs, including seeds, fertiliser, pesticides, and cutting-edge regional farm equipment. Entrepreneurship prospects abound in fields such as biopesticides, biofertilizers, vermicomposting, testing, and soil remediation. The increased emphasis on organic farming opens up even more possibilities. In terms of seed development, there is plenty of room for R&D. Even in adverse weather conditions, these seed variations are expected to serve.

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Author (s) :

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1). Dr. Ashish B. Gorvadiya, K. K. Parekh Commerce College, Amreli, Gujarat, India
2). Dr. Manish B. Raval, SDRB Mahila Home Sci. Lt. M. J. Kundaliya Eng. Med. Mahila Commerce College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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References, Bibliography, Social Science, Research, Academic Integrity

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Mastering the art of references and bibliographies allows social science researchers to raise their work to a professional level, maintaining academic integrity and increasing the value of their contributions. In the social sciences, high-quality research depends on careful documentation procedures. A well-written bibliography and reference list show readers that you have a thorough understanding of the field, support your claims with reliable sources, and provide them with a route for more reading. References typically appear at the end of each section, chapter, or article in academic writing. They provide specific details (such as author, title, publication year, etc.) about the sources cited within the text. A bibliography is a comprehensive list of all the sources consulted during the research process, whether or not they were directly cited in the text. So, social science researchers should take the time to comprehend these critical factors and allow them guide the research trip.

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Author (s) :

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1). Mr. Dharmik Vegad, Darshan Institute of Management, Darshan University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
2). Mr. Dhaval Radadiya, Darshan Institute of Management, Darshan University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
3). Mr. Dipamkumar Raval, Darshan Institute of Management, Darshan University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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Customer inertia, advertising strategies, switching costs, emotional advertising, social proof, AI in advertising, sustainability, consumer behavior, customer retention, marketing analytics.

Abstract :

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In the dynamic landscape of modern advertising, businesses face the challenge of overcoming customer inertia, a phenomenon where consumers remain loyal to familiar products despite the availability of superior alternatives. This essay delves into the complex relationship between advertising competition and customer inertia, exploring its causes—such as habitual buying, switching costs, risk aversion, loyalty programs, and information overload. The essay further analyzes strategies to combat inertia, including compelling value propositions, social proof, emotional advertising, and streamlining the switching process.

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Author (s) :

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1). Dr. Snehal Mistry, Vidyabharti Trust College of Business, Bardoli, Gujarat, India
2). Ms. Vishwa Bhatt, Vidyabharti Trust College of Business, Bardoli, Gujarat, India

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Human Resource Management, Green HRM Practices, Firms, HR Strategy, HR Practices & Policies

Abstract :

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The conventional financial focus in business is shifting towards a competency-based, strategic approach. Environmental considerations are increasingly critical in today's business landscape, particularly concerning social and environmental factors. Corporate Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) emphasizes the technical and managerial skills of employees, aiming to develop innovative environmental programs with significant managerial impacts. Generally, GHRM focuses on environmentally sustainable HR practices that optimize resource use within an organization. However, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding the environmental aspects of HRM. This study explores the strategic implementation of GHRM practices in traditional HR tasks and provides a theoretical perspective on the concept. The aim is to encourage further academic research into the foundational aspects of GHRM practices.

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Author (s) :

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1). Dr. Amar Vijay Jamnekar, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India

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Consumer Rights, Consumer Protection Act 1986, Digital Technology, Consumer Rights and Challenges, Government Initiative, Awareness.

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A person who buys and consumes a good or a service from a seller for the money is called consumer. The government and business must engage in daily consumer protection, a socioeconomic activity, with the primary goal of protecting the interests of consumers and maintaining their equitable satisfaction. Product safety, product labelling, pricing, unfair market practices, confusion, and customer complaints arising from company mergers or acquisitions are all included in the category of consumer protection. Consumer rights are an essential component of modern trade, participating to protect consumers from dishonest business practices and protect their access to affordable, reliable, and safe goods and services. The present study examines into the development and extent of consumer rights, emphasizing their crucial role in promoting equitable commerce and competition. The rights to safety, information, decision, and hearing are among the most important rights of consumers. These rights are protected by a number of laws and rules, such as the Consumer Protection Act 1986, which establishes a framework for handling complaints and guaranteeing corporate responsibility. The role that governmental organizations and advocates for consumers play in creating public awareness of and protecting consumer rights. The role that governmental organizations and advocacy organizations for consumers play in raising public awareness of and protecting consumer rights is also covered in the abstract. It also looks at the difficulties in the digital economy, where problems like online fraud and data privacy create new barriers to consumer protection. In the end, protecting consumer rights is critical to maintaining consumer confidence in the economy and supporting people to make knowledgeable decisions.

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Author (s) :

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1). Dr. Tulsi Raval, Smt. KSN Kansagara Mahila Collage, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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Financial Literacy, Financial Education, Students.

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Providing financial literacy at a young age can help to build foundation for correct financial decisions. The initiatives for providing financial literacy should start in adolescence stage. So it is wise to provide financial education along with school education. Students need to be prepared for understanding the importance of financial planning. In near future they will navigate a complex world of budgeting, investment, saving, loans, insurance, credit cards, etc. Here the role of financial literacy comes in. It is not wrong to say that financial literacy is a crucial life skill that empowers them to take right decisions which will keep them away from financial distress. Financial literacy includes getting knowledge of core financial concepts, investment options, making responsible choices, and building a safe financial future. In this paper, we will explore the importance of financial literacy for students and how formal financial education can help to take wiser financial decisions.

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Author (s) :

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1). Mr. Harshil Vekariya, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
2). Mr. Krish Meghani, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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Domino's Pizza, consumer preferences, customer satisfaction, Rajkot, brand loyalty, pizza consumption, Chi-Square test, product quality, young adults, market analysis.

Abstract :

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This study explores consumer preferences and behaviors toward Domino's Pizza in Rajkot, with a focus on demographics, brand loyalty, visit frequency, product preferences, and customer satisfaction. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from 100 respondents, predominantly young adults and students. Key findings reveal a strong preference for Domino's Pizza, with 87% of respondents favoring the brand due to its taste, quality, and packaging, However, 13% cited taste and quality concerns as reasons for preferring alternative brands, such as La Pino'z. The study identifies factors like cleanliness, service, and taste as critical drivers of customer satisfaction. A Chi-Square test indicated a significant relationship between preferred pizza types and visit frequency. These insights can guide strategic improvements in product offerings and customer engagement for Domino's Pizza in competitive markets.

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Author (s) :

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1). Mr. Tom Ongesa Nyamboga (PhD.) , Kampala International University, Kampala, NA, Uganda

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Strategic leadership, Cybersecurity, Digital transformation, Risk Management, Resilience

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This review highlighted the pivotal role of strategic leadership in driving cybersecurity initiatives as part of digital transformation efforts. With the growing dependence on digital technologies, securing systems and data has become a critical priority. This study aims to explore how strategic leadership can effectively guide organisations in aligning cybersecurity strategies with business goals, fostering a culture of cybersecurity awareness, and addressing the challenges presented by emerging technologies. The methodology is rooted in a thorough examination of existing literature, including relevant frameworks, policies, and practices from various industries and global case studies. Key findings emphasise the importance of aligning cybersecurity with organisational objectives, adopting risk management frameworks, and embedding security into digital transformation processes to bolster resilience. The study also highlights the significance of promoting cybersecurity awareness among employees and collaborating with external partners as essential strategies for maintaining robust security measures. The review concludes that although organisations encounter considerable challenges in implementing effective cybersecurity strategies, proactive leadership and a focus on continuous improvement can substantially reduce risks and strengthen security. The value of this review lies in offering practical insights for strategic leaders tasked with managing cybersecurity within the broader context of digital transformation, providing guidance on safeguarding assets while embracing technological progress. Its originality stems from its focus on strategic leadership as a central driver of both cybersecurity and digital transformation, offering a comprehensive approach to managing digital risks in an increasingly complex landscape.

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Author (s) :

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1). Ms. Payal M. Siddhpura, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat , India
2). Dr. Ashvin Solanki, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat , India

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Financial distress, Andhara paper limited, Zmijewski model, Ratio analysis.

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In this research paper researcher has tried to analyse the financial distressing position of Andhara Paper Limited for the study period of 5 years which is from 2018 to 2022. With the help of ratio analysis and the formula of financial distress model. It has helped to predict the future of the firm to identify the impact financial distress.

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Author (s) :

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1). CA. Khushboo Ganatra, Darshan University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
2). Dr. Alpesh Gajera, Darshan University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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Abstract :

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This study examines the financial performance of Indian general insurance companies using ratio analysis and advanced statistical tools. Five prominent insurers, including private players (ICICI Lombard General Insurance, Bajaj Allianz General Insurance, Tata AIG General Insurance) and public insurers (New India Assurance, United India Insurance), are analyzed over a five-year period (2018–2023). Key performance indicators—solvency ratio, combined ratio, return on equity (ROE), and claims ratio—are studied using ANOVA, regression, correlation, trend analysis, and t-tests. The analysis highlights the superior performance of private insurers compared to their public sector counterparts. Recommendations focus on operational reforms for public insurers to enhance competitiveness.

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Author (s) :

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1). Dr. Krishna Ashutoshbhai Vyas, R K University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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Capital Adequacy, Non-Performing Assets, Profitability, Indian Banks, Basel III, Asset Quality, Financial Management, Credit Risk, Economic Stability, Tier I Capita.

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This study investigates the interplay between capital adequacy, Non-Performing Assets (NPAs), and profitability in Indian banks over the period 2019–2027. Utilizing secondary data from essential financial reports, it examines trends in the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CRAR), Tier I Capital, Gross NPAs, Net NPAs, and Net Profit. The analysis indicates a consistent improvement in capital adequacy, reflected by higher CRAR and Tier I Capital, alongside a noticeable rise in NPAs. Nonetheless, banks have managed to achieve profitability growth, primarily attributed to enhanced operational efficiency and risk management practices. The findings reveal a positive relationship between capital adequacy and profitability, while NPAs exhibit a limited effect on profitability, with no significant negative correlation observed. The study underscores the need for improved asset quality to ensure sustained growth and stability in the banking sector, suggesting that Indian banks, supported by robust capital reserves and sound financial strategies, are well-equipped to navigate challenges posed by rising NPAs.

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Author (s) :

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1). Mr. Bhavinkumar Amrutlal Patel, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
2). Dr. Ashvin Solanki, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat , India

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Goods and Services Tax, SMEs, Taxation.

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Introduced in 2017, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) has brought substantial changes to India's business environment, particularly impacting Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This study seeks to evaluate the effects of GST on Indian SMEs by comparing their performance before and after its implementation. GST has streamlined the tax system and lowered the overall tax burden for numerous businesses, It has also brought challenges, including increased compliance costs and greater working capital demands. To maximize the benefits of GST, SMEs must adapt to the new tax system and improve their operational efficiency. Simultaneously, the government should work to overcome the challenges SMEs face, ensuring their seamless integration into the GST framework. As small business owners work to comprehend the implications of GST on their operations, it is evident that SMEs remain critical to driving economic growth and contributing significantly to the nation's GDP.

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